All that we have discussed before applies only after one has studied the Halacha/Law or after they have said the brocha already. In a first case scenario one can't recite the brocha of shehakol on everything but rather must recite the brocha related to the food species. If one is uneducated and doesn't know what to recite they should consult a wiser person or Rabbi.
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Any species of grain which was not made into bread such as cooked foods from flour or porridge, even though its not "bread" it still retains some importance and requires one to recite the brocha borei minei mezonot. if one happened to say the brocha of borei minei mezonot on bread by mistake one has discharges their obligation of reciting a brocha but some argue that he hasn't. With regards to blessings we are always lenient and when in doubt of what to say we go the lenient way.
If one said the brocha borei pri adama on fruit of the tree, one has discharged their obligation to recite a blessing on the food. If one recited the blessing borei pri ha'eitz on produce from the ground one hasn't discharged their obligation and the correct brocha must be recited. Any fruit/produce where we are unsure of what brocha to recite we would recite borei pri adama. If we don;t know what type of a food it is in general we would recite the brocha shehakol(due to a disagreement by the Rabbis.)
On every drink or food a general brocha is recited.
Borei pri Adamah for all produce from the ground
Borei pri ha'eitz for all fruit of the tree(except Banana)
Wine and bread and the only things not covered with these brochas. One wine we recite borei pri hagofen and on bread we recite hamotzei lechem min ha'aretz.
For everything else we recite shehakol niheyoh bidvaro.
The following comes from the Sefer called Birchas Hanehenin written by the Alter Rebbe.
Chapter 1:
Its a positive commandment from the Torah to say a brocha/blessings after eating mazon(food which sustains) as its written, "You shall eat and be satisfied and bless Hashem."
The Rabbis instituted the reciting of a blessing before eating or drinking anything; anyone who has pleasure from this world without reciting a blessing is as if they benefited from that which is consecrated to heaven, as it says: "The earth and everything in it is Hashem's..."
There are 4 matters in the world: Water,fire,earth and air. Every creation is a combination of all 4 elements.
Fire and wind has the tendency to go upwards. Water and earth on the other hand have the tendency to go downwards. This is the natural way of the elements.
Every element which is made from these 4 elements will return to these four elements at the end.
If this is so why was Adam told he will return to dust when he dies? The reason is because man is made up of dust mainly.
All of these four elements contain positive aspects and also contain negative aspects which we shall discuss at a later stage.
It is a Mitzva to love and fear Hashem
How do we attain love and fear for Him? We a person contemplates His wonderous and many great deeds and creations and appreciates His infinate wisdom. We one ponders these things he will recoil in awe and fear of Hashem and how we are just dust, lowly creature with limited wisdom standing before Him.
Everything Hashem created in the world is divided into 3 categories:
1: Creations which are a combination of matter and form. They are constantly being created and ceasing to exist. Example being man/plants etc..
2: Creations which are a combination of matter and form but do not change from body to body. An example would be the stars.
3: Creations which have form but no matter at all. An example would be Angels who possess no body.
Since Angels have no body, what seperates them from each other? They are each below each other and depend on their existence from the Angel above it.
This term of being 'above" is not to be taken in the physical sense of height but rather in a spiritual sense of being higher in spirituality than the other.
The 10 levels and names of the Angels:
1: The Holy Chayot which are the heightest of them all
2: Ofanim
3: Er'elim
4: Chashmalim
5: Serafim
6: Malachim
7: Elohim
8: Bnei Elohim
9: Keruvim
10: Ishim
Above the Holy Chayot is the Chair of Glory. The Ishim were the Angles that gave prohpetic vision to our Holy prophets, they were called Ishim from the word Ish which means man as they were close to men.
All of these spiritual forms are alive. They know the Creator with a very immense knowledge, each according to its own level. Even the Holy Chayot can't conceive the true nature of Hashem since its intellectual capacity is limited but it knows more then the level below it does.
Everything from te first form to an ant came into being through the influence of His truth. He knows all and nothing is hidden from Him.
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